链霉菌隐性次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇的激活

Activation of the cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (CSMGs) in Streptomyces

链霉菌基因组中存在许多隐性次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇(cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster,CSMG),在实验室条件下,它们多数处于沉默状态或者很低的表达水平。但在一定条件下这些CSMG可以被激活合成次级代谢产物,这为寻找新的活性天然产物提供新来源。本文总结了目前激活链霉菌CSMG所使用的方法,包括改变发酵条件、核糖体工程、共培养、异源表达、CSR(cluster-situated regulator)基因的遗传改造等。

Numerous cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters（CSMGs） hiding in sequenced Streptomyces genomes always remain silent or poor expression level under laboratory conditions. However, the CSMGs can be activated and biosynthesize secondary metabolites under certain conditions, which can provide a new way for finding novel bioactive natural products. This review summarized the methods currently used in the activation of the CSMGs, including changing the conditions of fermentation, ribosome engineering, co-culture, heterologous expression and genetic manipulation of cluster-situated regulators（CSRs） genes.