环境约束下的中国服务业全要素生产率增长

Total Factor Productivity Growth in the Service Industry in China under Environmental Constraints

已有文献在测算服务业全要素生产率时,基本都没有考虑环境因素,而这种传统的全要素生产率测算方法由于忽视了环境污染问题的存在,并不能反映服务业生产率增长的真实绩效,甚至会误导政策建议。文章将环境因素引入服务业生产率体系,运用基于DDF的Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数对中国2004-2013年服务业分行业TFP进行再估算,并结合Malmquist生产率指数和服务业环境友好指数进行对比分析。研究发现,两种情形下服务业TFP增长的主导因素都在于技术进步,忽视环境因素不仅高估了服务业全要素生产率的增长率,而且高估了其对服务业增长的贡献,环境因素对服务业增长绩效存在影响。环境约束下服务业TFP影响因素的实证结果显示,服务业FDI并不支持"污染天堂假说",适当的环境规制在改善环境质量的同时还可以促进服务业生产率的提升,服务业发展水平、研发资本、禀赋结构和公众的环保意识对服务业环境TFP也存在不同程度的影响。

Existing literature does not take the environmental factors into account when it measures the total factor productivity（TFP）in the service industry.And due to a lack of environmental pollution,this traditional TFP calculation cannot reflect the real performance of TFP growth in the service industry,and even can misguide policy suggestions.This paper introduces environmental factors into productivity system in the service industry,employs Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index based on DDF to re-estimate subsector TFP in the service industry from 2004 to 2013,and then does a comparative analysis based on Malmquist productivity index and service environmental friendliness index.This paper finds that TFP growth in the service industry is mainly caused by technical progress,and the neglect of environmental factors overestimates not only TFP in the service industry but also its contribution to the growth of the service industry;the environmental factors affect the growth performance of the service industry.The empirical results concerning the factors influencing TFP in the service industry under environmental constraints reveal that FDI in service industry does not support the pollution heaven hypothesis.Appropriate environmental regulation not only improves the environment quality but also facilitates the productivity growth in the service industry.The development level of service industry,RD capital,endowments structure and public environmental awareness also have different impacts on TFP in the service industry.