积极构建自我矛盾体:川西农村凉山彝族移民的生计变迁与社会流变

Active construction of a unity of opposites: Changes of the means of subsistence and social structure in the Yi migrant community in the rural area of Liangshan Mountains in west Sichuan province

改革开放后,川西地区农村人陆续外出打工,被空闲的土地吸引着生活在山区的凉山彝族,他们中的一部分开始成规模地迁入川西农村。生存环境的不同导致其习惯的传统生计方式、生活方式相应发生变化,进而深深地影响着其传统观念意识和社会结构。在这一变迁过程中,消费主义渗透并改变着他们所熟悉的生活方式的作用十分明显,引导着他们应对更具市场特色的现代生活。彝族社会的既有结构受到诸种外力尤其是市场经济力量的吸引而遭到系统侵蚀,可是传统观念也在被同样的外力系统排斥,从而得以强化。在此过程中,来自凉山的彝族移民既非情愿但又会积极构建在外力冲击下于内部再生成的张力空间。就个体而言,积极构建自我矛盾体的行为可谓在传统与现代经验驱使下对市场社会的一种应对。

Since the reform and opening- up in China,quite a few farmers in west Sichuan province have gone out to be migrant laborers,and some uncultivated land in west Sichuan province has attracted the Yi people in Liangshan Mountains to move there. The different lifestyle in west Sichuan province has led to the Yi＇s changes in their means of subsistence and traditional lifestyle accordingly,as well as their traditional concepts and social structure. In this process of transformation,consumerism has had an obvious impact on their traditional lifestyle and led them to face the market- oriented modern life. The Yi＇s traditional social structure as well as their traditional concepts is both systematically altered and reinforced in some aspects by the external forces such as the market economy. In this case,the Yis there are reluctantly taking the initiative to construct an inner- regenerated tension space under the influence of external forces. As for Yi individuals driven by the traditional and modern experiences,their initiative to construct a unity of opposites is a response to the market society.