转换蛋白2及其调节和生理病理作用

Role of transformer 2 regulation and its physiological and pathological significance

转换蛋白(TRA)2为前体mRNA剪接蛋白,是一族富含丝氨酸-精氨酸重复剪接因子(SR)家族的相关蛋白,包括TRA2α和TRA2β两个亚族。它们在结构上与SR蛋白有着一定的相似性,在功能上与SR蛋白有着明显的差异,即TRA2蛋白不为组成性剪接所必需,但在选择性前体mRNA剪接中决定剪接位点方面却起着重要的作用。在哺乳动物中,TRA2蛋白家族在生理和病理过程中发挥着诸多关键性作用,且在疾病的发生发展过程中错误地调控剪接过程产生异常的RNA可引起分子病或者导致原来的疾病更加严重。迄今为止,人们还不清楚TRA2蛋白与疾病间的关系,所以对其引起疾病的治疗研究还处在初级阶段。

The transformer（TRA）2 protein belongs to the serine/arginine-rich（SR） protein family. The protein possesses two homologs, namely, TRA2α and TRA2β. These homologs exhibit structures similar to those of the SR proteins but significantly differ in function. TRA2 is not necessarily implicated in composition splicing but plays an important role in selecting the splicing sites of precursor mRNA. Further studies found that in mammals, the TRA2 family protein plays a key role in many physiological and pathological, as well as disease occurrence and development, processes. Moreover, the abnormal splicing process of RNA molecules can cause disease or aggravate existing pathological problems. However, the relationship between TRA2 proteins and diseases remains to be completely understood. Additional energy and effort are required to achieve success in investigating disease causes and in developing treatments.