创业团队的认知结构与创新注意力:基于TMS视角的多案例研究

Cognitive Structures and Innovative Attention of Founding Team:A Multi-case Study Based on TMS Perspective

新企业的创新活动面临诸多资源限制和不确定性而失败率颇高,这严重阻碍了新企业加强创新尝试的动力。创业团队作为企业创新尝试的关键决策者,其认知结构将如何影响团队对创新的关注程度以及对新知识和新信息的搜寻行为?具体的作用机理如何?在理论和实践上都还是未解的难题。本文在注意力理论基础上,从创业团队的交互记忆系统(Transactive Memory System,TMS)视角出发,以武汉东湖高新技术开发区高科技创业企业的创业团队为研究对象,运用多案例研究方法,系统研究了创业团队对新信息和新知识的搜寻行为,建立了创业团队创新注意力决定因素的理论框架。本文的研究深化了学界对创新注意力的认识,丰富了新企业创新活动和创业团队创新决策制定领域的研究。

Innovation of new ventures often confronts many resource constraints and uncertainties,and the failure rate is relatively high.This discourages the founding teams＇ willingness to make attempts for innovation,further to say,they even don＇t attach importance to innovation. As the key decision makers of new ventures,little is known about how founding teams affect their attention to innovation.Drawing from the attention theory and transactive memory system（ TMS） perspective,we conduct a multi-case study to explore this gap.Analyzing the data collected from 6 founding teams of the new high-tech ventures in a development zone of China,we find that the teams＇ TMS have great influence on their search behavior on new information and new knowledge for innovation. Founding teams with strong TMS would promote team members＇ confidence,social identity as well as the interdependence among them. Meanwhile,strong TMS also contribute to members＇ risk-sharing and value judgments about innovative behavior,and ultimately affect the team＇s attention to innovation. Our findings increase the perspectives of innovation research,provide important insight for founding teams＇ decision-making about innovative activities,and enrich the research about entrepreneurial cognition.