城镇居民地区间收入差距的演变与成因——基于引进式技术进步的视角

The Evolution and Cause of the Regional Income Gap between Urban Residents: Based on the Perspective of Importing Technical Progress

中国自改革开放以来高速的经济增长,可以归纳为是以引进式技术进步为核心,以国家强控制力为保障,以政府投资为驱动的"结构性"经济增长。这种经济增长方式导致了区域间经济分化和居民收入差距的日益显著。相对农村居民而言,这种因经济发展和改革深化带来的差距,对城镇居民产生了更为深远的影响,也使得城镇居民收入差距的变动更具特殊性。笔者基于引进式技术进步的视角,首先从地区间经济总量差距、劳动力流动和地区间经济发展水平差距这三个方面对城镇居民地区间收入差距拉大的必然性进行理论分析;其次,分别对地区间人均产出差距和工资收入差距进行数理推导;在此基础上,对我国城镇居民地区间收入泰尔指数进行测度,以衡量城镇居民地区间收入差距,并分析其演变特征;最后,提出技术进步方式的转变、政府有目的地引导产业转移及劳动力在地区间合理流动等对策建议,以期解决和应对城镇居民收入差距日益拉大所造成的困局。

China＇ s rapid economic growth since the reform and opening up can be summarized as a structural economic growth with a focus of importing technical progress,guaranteed by China＇ s strong control,and driven by government investment,which leads to the regional economic differentiation and the increasing income gap of residents. Relative to rural residents,this disparity resulting from the economic development and the deepening of the reform not only produces a more far-reaching impact on urban residents,but also makes the change of the income gap among urban residents more specific. This paper will try to explore the causes of the evolution of regional income gap among urban residents in China based on the perspective of importing technical progress. In this paper,we will focus on the perspective of importing technical progress.At first,we analysis the income gap among the urban residents which is a phenomenon led by the following reasons,regional economic gap,labor mobility and regional economic development level. Then,we derive the regional gap of per capita output and regional wage income gap by using mathematical method. Again,in order to measure the gap among the urban residents and its evolution characteristics,we use the Theil index to measure the income of the urban residents. Finally,we propose the advises of the transformation of technical progress,the reasonable flow of industrial transfer and labor in the region which is guided by the government and so on.