激发子诱导果实采后病程相关基因的研究进展

Review on the induced pathogenesis- related genes in the postharvest fruits by elicitors

果实采后因病原菌的侵染而造成的损失非常巨大。在控制果实采后病害的研究中,利用激发子来诱导果实产生抗性,逐渐成为果实采后病害防治中一种安全高效的保鲜方法,是当前采后病理学、生理学的研究热点。根据激发子的来源可分为生物型和非生物型,据报道它们可以诱导宿主表达病程相关蛋白而对病原菌产生抗性。病程相关蛋白,是由宿主自身病程相关基因转录而表达的,报道的病程相关蛋白基因在很多水果中被定位、克隆,为具体地认知某一个PR基因提供了有力依据。但果实采后PR基因并不是一个基因在起作用,是整体而系统的作用,它们具有遗传特性,并且受到各种因子的调控,因此系统研究果实采后病程相关基因备受重视。随着RNA高通量测序技术在转录组学中的应用,从转录水平上来研究整个PR基因mRNA转录,从而显示某些PR基因上调或下调。本文综述了激发子对PR基因诱导的研究进展,以及转录组学技术在果实采后PR转录水平上的应用。

Postharvest diseases of fruits caused by fungal pathogen infection resulted in significant economic losses.In the study of postharvest diseases control of fruits,the resistance of fruits induced by the elicitors had gradually become a safe and efficient method,which is the current research hotspot on postharvest pathology and physiology.Elicitors could be divided into biotic and abiotic elicitors according to their origin.Moreover,pathogenesis- related proteins of fruits could be expressed by elicitors induction,which made fruits produce resistance to the fungal pathogens.Pathogenesis- related proteins were transcripted and expressed by pathogenesis- related genes of fruits that were located and cloned in many fruits in some reported articles,which afforded clear evidences of certain PR genes in particularly.However,it was noted that not single gene worked in postharvest fruits,but integrated and systematic genes.They were known to have the genetic property and regulated by various factors.Therefore,the study of PR genes in postharvest fruits had been given important research focus.As RNA high- throughput sequencing technologies are applied in the transcriptome study,the global PR genes on the transcriptional level were researched,which showed that some genes may be up or down.This article highlighted the inductive progress on PR genes and the transcriptome technology applied on transcriptional level of PR genes in postharvest fruits.