医学的商业化与医学专业精神的危机

Commercialization of Medicine and Crisis of Medical Professionalism

传统上能够定义为专业的职业承认该专业人员与其服务对象的关系具有利他性质,并且期望专业人员以有利于服务对象的方式行动。专业涉及到社会契约。而专业之所以要强调其从业者要承担社会责任,是因为在行业领域中,专业拥有排他性的垄断特权以及由此获得的社会尊重与信任。医学专业是这样一种能自我调控的职业,它要求通过系统的、有既定目标或学院式的训练,使执业者拥有专业知识技能,从而提供规范的、有伦理准则约束的服务。医学专业精神要求患者利益至上。过度商业化的医学导致医学究竟是商业还是专业的界限越来越模糊。坚持医学的专业精神需要重新确定医疗服务的目标和方向。

Profession is traditionally defined as an occupation which recognizes the altruistic relationship between the professional and the client. The professional is expected to act in a way benefit to the client. A profession involves a contract with the society. When the power is conferred by the society to a profession, the professional with some degree of monopoly rights should take responsibility for the society, including providing high quality of services, maintaining high standard principled conduct and integrity. Medical profession is the occupation with self-regulation, which requires its practitioners to have expertise and skill via systematic, goal-defined or academic training in order to provide standard services with ethical constraints. Medical professionalism means always putting patients ＇ interest in the first place. Over-commercialized medicine results in an ambiguous boundary between medicine as business and as profession. In order to hold to medical professionalism, we need to re-direct the goals and orientation of medical services.