深圳市区接触粉尘所致肺纤维化状况及预防措施

Pulmonary fibrosis states and prevention measures caused by dust exposure of ShenZhen City

目的观察分析深圳市区2014年接触粉尘所致肺纤维化发生状况及相关因素,探讨尘肺病预防措施。方法收集2014年1月1日至12月31日确诊的尘肺患者64例为研究对象,对比分析尘肺进展、尘肺并发症的相关影响因素,探讨预防措施。结果粉尘作业工龄越高,尘肺Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期所占比例以及并发症发生率也越高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。采用普通口罩比采用防尘口罩防护者、及时治疗者比未及时治疗者尘肺Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期所占比例和尘肺相关并发症发生率更高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。粉尘作业工龄大于20年者肺结核、肺气肿、肺心病发病率高于工龄为10~〈16年、16~20年者,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论粉尘作业工龄、个人防护措施、及时治疗与否是尘肺发生、发展和尘肺相关并发症发生的主要影响因素。强化粉尘作业中消除、降低粉尘的工程技术措施,强化个人防护卫生教育,定期体检是预防接触粉尘所致肺纤维化发生发展的重要手段。

Objective To observe and analyze the occurrence and related factors of pulmonary fibrosis caused by dust exposure in Shenzhen city in 2014,and to explore the preventive measures.Methods 64 cases of patients with pneumoconiosis from January 1 st,2014to December 31 st were selected as the study objects,the factors affecting the development of pneumoconiosis and the related factors of complications were compared and analyzed,the preventing measures were discussed.Results the proportion of pneumoconiosis stageⅡ and stage Ⅲ and the incidence of complications were increased with the working age of dust-exposed work,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Compared with patients who used anti-dust respirator and were treated in time,the patients used common respirator and not treated in time had higher proportion of pneumoconiosis stageⅡand stage Ⅲ and the incidence of complications,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The incidence of complications associated with pneumoconiosis such as tuberculosis,pulmonary emphysema,pulmonary heart disease were higher in patients with more than 20 working years than those with 10-〈16and 16-20 years,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Working years of dust-exposed work,personal protective measures,timely treatment are major influence factors for the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis and related complications.Strengthening the engineering and technical measures for reducing dust in dust-exposed work,personal protection and health education,regular physical examination are important means to prevent the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis caused by dust-exposed work.