秸秆还田条件下耕作方式与施氮量对强筋小麦生长、产量与品质的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods and Nitrogen Rates on Growth,Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat under Straw Returning Condition

为找出鲁西地区强筋小麦的最佳耕作方式与施氮量,为强筋小麦优质高产栽培理论提供依据,以强筋小麦品种洲元9369为材料,在免耕、深耕、旋耕三种耕作方式下研究了四种施氮量(165、225、300、360kg/hm2)对强筋小麦的影响。结果表明:在三种耕作方式下,各时期小麦群体都随着施氮量的增加而增加,但施氮量达到一定水平后群体增加缓慢,相同施氮量时深耕处理的小麦群体最大;施氮虽然增加群体,但并没有增加叶面积指数,越冬期以后叶面积指数与施氮量成反比,相同施氮量时深耕处理的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量最高;在三种耕作方式下,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、形成时间和稳定时间等品质指标均随施氮量的增加而增加;深耕且300 kg/hm2施氮量处理的强筋小麦产量最高。

In order to explore the best tillage method and nitrogen rate of strong gluten wheat in western Shandong Province and to provide a basis for its high- quality and- yielding cultivation technology,the field experiment was conducted to research the effects of three tillage methods（ zero tillage,deep tillage and rotary tillage） and four nitrogen treatments（ 165,225,300,360 kg / hm2） on Zhouyuan 9369. The results showed that under the three tillage methods,the wheat population in every period increased with the increase of nitrogen rate,and slowed down when the nitrogen rate reached a certain level. With the same nitrogen rate,the deep tillage treatment showed the largest population. However,the leaf area index（ LAI） wasn＇t in accordance with wheat population with the increase of nitrogen rate. Especially after overwintering,the LAI was inversely proportional to nitrogen rate. With the same nitrogen rate,the protein content in wheat grain of deep tillage treatment was the highest. Under three cultivation methods,the protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,the development time and stability time all increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. It was proved that the strong gluten wheat had the highest yield under the conditions of deep tillage and 300 kg / hm2 nitrogen fertilizer.