核酸适配体在病毒性疾病治疗中的研究进展

Aptamers in Diagnostics and Treatment of Viral Infections

核酸适配体是一类通过指数级富集的配体进化技术(SELEX)获得的能以较高的亲和力与各类靶标特异性结合的小分子单链DNA或RNA。与抗体相比,核酸适配体具有合成简单、免疫原性低、体外容易修饰、价格低廉等优势,已在生物医学方面发挥了重要作用。病毒性疾病严重威胁人类健康,然而目前尚未有非常有效且毒副作用小的抗病毒药物。近年来核酸适配体在病毒性疾病治疗中的应用引起人们关注,已有越来越多的研究围绕核酸适配体作为抗病毒药物的应用而展开。核酸适配体可与病毒蛋白或核酸以高特异性及高亲和力结合,一些特异的核酸适配体可通过阻止病毒感染细胞的任一阶段如吸附、复制等达到抑制抗病毒作用,显示了较强大的抗病毒应用潜能。我们简要综述核酸适配体在病毒性疾病治疗方面的研究进展。

Aptamers, generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX）, are sin-gle stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind to their targets with high specificity and high affinity.Whencompared with antibodies, aptamers have great advantages such as simple synthesis, low immunogenicity, easy modi-fication in vitro and low cost. Aptamers have been widely used in biology and medicine field. Viral diseases areserious threats to human heathy. However, there is no antivirals which is effective enough to fight against virusand causes less side effects to patients. In recent years, properties of aptamers make it crucial as antivirals. Moreand more studies have focused on the application of aptamers in targeting antivirals. Specific aptamers can bindwith those of viral origin, both proteins and nucleic acids. Some specific aptamers can interfere each stage of theviral replication cycle such as penetration into cells and viral replication, and have shown a great potential in anti-virals. This review presented current developments of using aptamers in the treatment of viral diseases.