植物油改性酚醛树脂的研究现状

THE RESEARCH STATUS OF MODIFICATION OF PHENOLIC RESINS WITH PLANT OILS

为设计开发新型酚醛树脂并推广应用,总结了酚醛树脂的特性,对其改性常用的植物油进行分类,详细阐述了植物油改性酚醛树脂的改性方法、原理及其优缺点,主要介绍了甲醛水溶液法、环氧化法、共轭共聚法、酯化法和胺基化法等合成工艺、特点及产物性能。通过各改性方法优缺点的比较可知,目前能工业化生产的改性方法为甲醛水溶液法和胺基化法。经研究发现,采用植物油代替不可再生的石油产品来改性酚醛树脂,既可保护环境又能降低成本,同时还能提高酚醛树脂粘合力、阻燃性、力学性能并降低吸水性等性能。论述了大豆油、桐油、腰果酚油和腰果壳油等植物油改性酚醛树脂在摩擦材料、油墨、线路覆铜板和层压板等材料中作为树脂基体的应用情况,并对植物油改性酚醛树脂的应用前景进行了展望。

Structure of plant oils,characters of phenolic resin and modification methods of phenolic resin with plant oil in recent years were summarized in order to design and apply new phenolic resin. Based on reaction principles,modification methods using formaldehyde solution method,epoxidation,conjugate copolymerization,esterification and amination were reviewed. Compared with advantages and disadvantages of different modification methods,now modification methods which can be industrialized were formaldehyde aqueous solution method and the amination method. As a result,using plant oil instead of non-renewable oil product to synthesize and modify phenolic resin not only protected the environment,but also reduced cost. At the same time,the modified phenolic resin with plant oil improved adhesive force,flame retardancy and mechanical properties of resin,and reduced water imbibitions. Applications of modified phenolic resins with soybean oil,tung oil,cashew phenol oil and cashew nut shell oil in friction material,printing ink,line copper clad,and laminated board were discussed,and their future prospects were previewed.