论被救助者对见义勇为者所受损害的赔偿义务

On the Rescuee's Duty of Compensation for the Loss of Rescuer in Emergency Cases

见义勇为者在遭受损害时,依据无因管理规定对被救助者享有损害赔偿请求权,而《侵权责任法》第23条仅在见义勇为者无法通过无因管理规定、侵权损害赔偿以及国家救助渠道时补充适用。为了避免评价矛盾,被救助者依据无因管理规定负担的赔偿义务和《侵权责任法》第23条中的受益人补偿义务都不适用完全赔偿原则。但是,见义勇为者仅在损害源于见义勇为的特定风险时,方可向被救助者主张无因管理之赔偿请求权或《侵权责任法》第23条规定的适当补偿请求权。见义勇为者所受损害,应当通过国家救助、侵权责任、无因管理和受益人补偿义务等多元化渠道获得救济。

The Good Samaritan has a right against the rescuee for the reimbursement when the prerequisite of benevolent intervention is satisfied He can claim compensation for his damage.However,Art.23 of Tort Law is only applicable when the good sameritan can not obtain the compensation neither from the tortfeasor according to the tort law nor from the rescuee according to the benevolent intervention law.The good sameritan is entitled to only proper compensation from the rescuee,basing on Art.23 of Tort Law or Art.93 of general principles of civil law.The damage suffered by the good sameritan must result from the realization of the specific immanent risk of the rescue activity.A remedy for the damage of the good sameritan through the pluralistic mechanism is highly recommended.