施恩与报恩:从《史记》刺客行为的价值补偿看刺客与游侠的差异

Difference Between Paladin and Assassin From the Perspective of Value Compensation of Assassin's Behavior in the Historical Records

《史记·刺客列传》中的刺客复仇行为可划分为交易式复仇、报恩式复仇、血亲式复仇、被迫式复仇四种类型,通过对刺客复仇行为和心理进行剖析,可以看出刺客复仇行为多与金钱、名声、仇恨、政治等因素相关。刺客行为背后的施恩与报恩关系,决定了其不属于游侠的范畴,游侠施恩不求回报,施恩不以报恩作为价值补偿,具有无偿性特征,刺客行为的本质是"杀",游侠行为的本质"救",这是刺客与游侠行为的根本区别。

The author divides the assassin＇s revenge behavior into four parts,transactional type,type of revenge,blood type and kidnap type. The author analyze the act of vengeance and the mentality of revenge to clarify similarities and differences of the assassins. Through analysis,the author find that the motive behind the assassin＇s behavior is for money,fame,hatred,and political reasons. The motives behind benefactor and assassin actions made them not belong to the category of the paladin. The paladin didn＇t ask for a return,was a kind of free behavior. The purpose of assassin＇s behavior is to kill people and the paladin＇s behavior is to save people.