董仲舒“天人感应”思想新论

A New Study on Dong Zhongshu's Theory of the Telepathy Between Nature and Man

董仲舒对三代以及先秦诸家的天人关系学说进行了继承与发展,创造性地构建了符合社会与历史发展趋势的"天人感应"思想。董仲舒"天人感应"思想将"天"悬置于君王之上,对君王的言行进行有效的监督,并通过自然现象对君王的施政进行积极的批判,其既是先秦儒学在大一统政权下实现政治批判功能的重要手段,又是董仲舒为维护西汉王朝长治久安所创制的治世理论。此外,董氏的"天人感应"思想力求实现先儒们理想中的道德话语权,对后世儒学的发展也产生了深远的影响。

Dong Zhongshu inherited and developed the theory of the relationship between Nature and Man that had been established by the different scholars of the three generations and the Pre-Qin period, creatively constructed the theory of ＂the telepathy between Nature and Man＂ that conformed to the trend of social and historical development. His theory of telepathy between Nature and Man put Nature in the positon higher than the king, making effective supervison on the king＇s words and deeds and criticizing the king＇s governance through natural phenomenon, which was not only an important means by which the Confucianism of the Pre-Qin period realized the function of political criticism in the power of grand unification, but also the governing theory that Dong Zhongshu established to maintain the long-term peace and stability of the Western Han Dynasty. Besides, Dong Zhongshu＇s theory of the telepathy between Nature and Man attempted to realize the Confucianists＇ idealized discouse power of morality, and it also had profound influence on the developemnt of the later Confucianism.