易经《观》卦的生命体悟——兼论龚鹏程教授对《观》卦的生命诠释

Life Realization of Observing Divinatory Symbols(Guan Gua) of Yi Jing ——Also On Prof. Gong Pengcheng's Life Interpretation to Guan Gua

《观》卦之"观",是观察之意,但不是俗谓察言观色那么肤浅。而是君王观天道以知人事,观人事以知进退。彖曰:"观天之神道,而四时不忒,圣人以神道设教,而天下服矣。"六三曰:"观我生,进退。"先自观省思,才能知进退。九五:"观我生,君子无咎。象曰:观我生,观民也。"君王先观察自我施政成效,再俯临万民,观察民情之向背,就不会有过错了!故君王观天、观人再观他,这是《观》卦旨意。人的生命历程必经十二长生阶段:长生、沐浴、冠带、临官、帝旺、衰、病、死、墓、绝、胎、养。观卦的六爻进化,正符合这十二长生历程,这是爻卦的生命历程。《观》卦也引申人的生命不违时序,随时省察自我行为,生命自然平和而受到尊敬!不违时序即不反自然也。龚鹏程教授解《观》卦之观点,是圣人从观宗庙仪节以知天道,藉此设教;对《观》卦的诠释,则是观自而非观他。龚教授还引颜之推的《观我生赋》,认为这正是颜氏由"观我生,观民也"这句体会出来的写法。强调个人生命、华族生命、人类生命,都在其观中。总之,人的生命与自然同在,生命历程不违时序,生命自然受到尊敬,这是笔者诠释"观我生"的意义,也是笔者对《观》卦的生命体悟!

Guan in Guan Gua means ＂observation＂ but not as usual as its literal implication. The exact meaning of it is that the king observes the natural law to learn the human society and then to know when to advance and when to retreat. One＇s life journey must experience the twelve longevity destiny-changsheng, muyu, guandai, linguan, diwang, shuai, bing, si, mu, jue, tai and yang. And the evolution of the six yao in Guan Gua is accord with the experience of the twelve longevity destiny, which is the life experience of Yao Gua in yi-ology. Guan Gua also emphasizes that life of human beings can＇t violate the natural order, and they should reflect on their behavior at any time to make their life attribute to a harmonious balance to be respected then. Professor Gong Pengcheng＇s view on Guan Gua is that the saints knows the natural law through observing the rites of the ancestral temple of a ruling house, which instructs men to observe themselves rather than the others. And to him, Yan Zhitui＇s Observing My Life is the outcome of ＂observing my life is observing human beings＂. Therefore Professor Gong Pengcheng emphasizes that individual life, life of Chinese people and the whole human beings are all under observation. In a word, once human life and nature have a common law and life process doesn＇t violate the natural order, life will be respected naturally, which is the significance of the author interpreting ＂observing my life＂ in this paper and the author＇s life realization of observing Guan Gua as well. respected, that＇s my life-realization about Guan Gua.