贞女、才女和欲女——明代文人女性观的构建

Virgins, Talented Women and Sluts——The Scholars' View towards Women in the Ming Dynasty

在明代文人的女性观中,女性形象主要集中为三种类型——贞女、才女和欲女。首先,明代文人热衷于贞女传记的书写。文人作为官方意识形态参与度最高的群体之一,其女性观的构建也深受影响,最主要的表现,就是热衷于为贞女书写传记。其次,明代文人非常欣赏女性之"才"。许多文人致力于女性作品的搜集、整理和出版;并且,文人对女性之"才"经历了一个"德"、"才"并重到重"才"轻"德"的变化。第三,在私生活领域中,明代文人对异性情色的关注,常表现为一种"欲女窥视"。他们对于艳情小说、春宫图和色情民歌的兴趣,多与此有关。忽视了这三类女性形象中的任何一类,都不能客观、全面地了解明代文人的女性观。

From the scholars＇ view towards women in the Ming dynasty, the female images used to be categorized into three types--virgins, talented women and sluts. First, the scholars in the Ming dynasty were keen on writing biographies of virgins. As the group of identified official ideology, their construc- tion of view of women had a wider influence. Second, scholars in the Ming dynasty admired the female talent very much. Many scholars focused their work on collecting and publishing of the women＇s works. What＇s more, in the middle and late Ming dynasty, scholars experienced the process from equal impor- tance of females＇ talent and virtue to the preference of talent to virtue. Third, in the private life, the scholars in the Ming dynasty were psychologically erotic, tending to peep at the sluts occasionally. Their hobbies about the pornographic stories, erotic pictures and porn folks songs were related to it profoundly. If we neglect any kind of the three types, we could not understand the scholars＇ view toward women in the Ming dynasty objectively and comprehensively.