气学与理学、心学鼎立——论宋明时期的哲学

Philosophy in the Song and Ming Dynasties: The Tripartite Confrontation of the Qi Theory, Neo-Confucianism and Mind Philosophy

在近世的中国哲学史专著中,只有理学、心学并存,然此非对宋明哲学史全面表述。历史的真实是,宋明时期的哲学,气学与理学、心学鼎立,它们在争鸣中融会与消长;至明代中后期,涌现一批诸如罗钦顺、王廷相、王道、黄绾、崔铣、魏校、杨慎、黄佐、吴廷翰、韩邦奇、高拱、吕坤、李时珍、唐鹤征、杨东明、宋应星、方以智等理论多有精辟新见的气学大家,形成延续一百五十余年的强劲气学复兴思潮,并把气学理论推至新高点,王夫之则是这一思潮集大成者。此乃宋明时期哲学思想不可遗缺和忽视者;而且,理学、心学、气学鼎立与消长,对后世有着镜鉴意义。

In the philosophy of the Song Dynasty, tripartite confrontation existed among the Qi Theory, Neo-Confucianism and Mind Philosophy, competing and contending with each other. By the mid- and late Ming Dynasty, some masters of the Qi Theory sprouted such as Luo Qiinshun, Wang Tingxiang, Wangdao, Yang Shen, Huang Zuo, Li Shizheng, Song Yingxing. They put forward some incisive opinions and ushered in a period of over150 years when the Qi School thrived and reached its peak. Wang Fuzhi epitomized this school of thought. The rise and decline of these three schools of thought can be used as a reference by later generations.