新见伐簋铭文考释

The Examination of the Inscription of the New-discovered Fa Gui-tureen

伐簋铭文内容比较重要,涉及到西周的礼制和宗法等问题。铭文中的"遗"当训为"问",义为存问、存省,为宾礼之一。鲁侯赐予伐的礼器"圭瓒、彝一肆,■尊"均为祭礼中行祼礼和朝献之器,圭瓒、彝、尊在祭礼中配合使用。铭文中"伐"是小宗,而鲁侯为大宗。因此"伐"虽为父辈,仍旧要向鲁侯行君臣之礼。这说明西周社会的宗法和政治是合一的。

The content of the inscription of the new-discovered bronze Fa Gui-tureen is rather important because it is involved in the issues about the ritual system and zongfa（patriarchal lineage system） of the Western Zhou Dynasty.The ＂wei 遗＂ in the inscription should be glossed as ＂wen 问 ＂,which meant ＂expressing respects and concerns（for someone）＂ and was one procedure of the binli（envoy receiving etiquette）.The ＂jade gui-scepter and zan-spoon-shaped implement and bronze yi-wine vessel sets and ＇Li＇zun-wine jar＂ mentioned in the inscription were all ritual vessels and implements bestowed by the Marquis of Lu to Fa to use in the guanli（libation ceremony） as the ritual object assemblage.Fa in the inscription was a member of thexiaozong（branch or minor lineage of the royal family） of the Lu State,while the Marquis of Lu,who was called as ＂gongzi（the son of the monarch）＂ in the inscription,was that of the dazong（stem or major lineage of the royal family）.Therefore,Fa had to pay salute as a subject to the Marquis of Lu although he was an uncle of the latter in the family hierarchy.This record showed that in the Western Zhou society,the lineage system and the politics were inseparable.