陕西历史博物馆馆藏唐代银质天王像正名

The Rectification of the Name of the Silver "Heavenly Kings" Figures of the Tang Dynasty Collected in Shaanxi History Museum

陕西历史博物馆馆藏唐代银质造像一组四件,其特点为头戴冠,有背光,身穿衣裙,有护甲,脚穿靴。有学者定名为力士造像。通过对本馆银质造像与力士特征的比较,从有无背光、上身赤裸与否、穿靴与否等方面进行分析,认为馆藏唐代银造像符合天王像的特征,故将其命名为唐代银质天王像,应是镶嵌在舍利函上。

A set of four silver figures of the Tang Dynasty collected in Shaanxi History Museum have the same form of wearing helmet on head,dressing skirts and armors on body and wearing boots on feet,and having nimbus against the back.Previous scholars named them as ＂guardians＂.By comparing these four silver figures with the confirmed guardian figures,this paper points out that these figures more match the ＂heavenly kings（lokapalas）＂ than guardians in terms of the presence and absence of the nimbi,the presence and absence of dresses on the upper bodies and the boots on the feet,so they should be named as the silver figures of heavenly kings of the Tang Dynasty,and originally they were inlayed on the sarira caskets.