空气苯并[a]芘暴露对3～5岁学龄前儿童尿液神经递质含量的影响

Effect of air benzo(a)pyrene exposure on urine neurotransmitter level in 3-5 years old preschool children

目的调查不同区域空气中苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）暴露情况，探讨接触B[a]P对3～5岁学龄前儿童尿液神经递质含量的影响。方法利用高效液相色谱法测定重庆市主城区某焦化厂附近不同区域（分别距焦化厂1000、2000、3000、4000m）、不同季度空气中B[a]P暴露浓度；收集出生于该地区且出生以来居住地固定的3～5岁学龄前儿童尿液样本，用ELISA方法测定儿童尿液中谷氨酸（G1u）、r氨基丁酸（GABA）、多巴胺（DA）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量，分析B[a]P暴露变化与儿童尿液神经递质含量改变的关系。结果空气B[a]P浓度随着与污染源距离变大而降低，同一季度4个不同区域整体比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05），同一区域不同季度整体比较差异也有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。儿童尿液神经递质（G1u、GABA、DA、5-HT）在同一暴露范围内随着年龄的增大而含量升高，在同一年龄段4种神经递质的含量随着B[a]P暴露浓度的升高而降低。结论B[a]P暴露可降低3～5岁儿童尿液神经递质G1u、GABA、DA、5-HT含量，其因果关联还需要进一步调查研究。

Objective To investigate the concentrations of air benzo(a)pyrene in different areas and the effect of air benzo(a)pyrene exposure on urine neurotransmitter content in 3-5years old preschool children.Methods The concentrations of air benzo(a)pyrene were detected by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)in different areas(distances from a coking plant 1 000,2 000,3 000 and 4 000 m,respectively)and different seasons in a coking plant in the main city of Chongqing.The urine samples were collected from 3-5years old children who were born in the areas and lived in the areas since birth;and their urine levels of glutamate(Glu),gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),dopamine(DA)and serotonin(5-HT)were determined by ELISA assay.Then the relationship between the air benzo(a)pyrene exposure changes and the contents of urine neurotransmitters was analyzed.Results The concentrations of air benzo(a)pyrene decreased with the increase of distance from the coking plant.There were significant differences in the concentrations of air benzo(a)pyrene between different areas in the same season(P<0.05)and among different seasons in the same area(P<0.05).The contents of the children urine neurotransmitters(Glu,GABA,DA and 5-HT)increased with the increase of age in the same area,and decreased with the increase of the concentration of air benzo(a)pyrene in children of the same age.Conclusion Exposure to air benzo(a)pyrene can decrease the urine neurotransmitters in 3-5years old children,and the detailed reasons and mechanism need further research.