潜水减压病猪模型的建立及评估

Establishment and evaluation of a swine model of diving decompression sickness

目的建立潜水减压病（DCS）猪模型，用于应用基础研究。方法选用6头巴马小型猪，采用DWCl50型动物实验舱模拟潜水方案处理，以压缩空气加压至600kPa，停留30rain后，以600～500kPa1min、500～400kPa1．5min、400-300kPa2min、300-200kPa2．5min、200-100kPa3min的方案减压。用动物跑步机评测肢体运动功能，诱发电位仪检测脊髓诱发电位联合确定DCS脊髓损伤；超声评估右心气泡量和心肺功能；观察皮肤症状演变并检测血液指标。通过整体行为学、组织病理学、循环和神经生理学、气泡生成、炎症反应等方面筛选建立评估指标体系。结果模型DCS发病率100％，死亡率0％。运动功能和诱发电位在减压前后发生明显变化；超声检测出减压后静脉系统气泡量显著，肺动脉指标改变；同时出现典型皮肤损伤；白细胞、血小板数量减少，D-二聚体量增高，肺、脊髓发生淤血、出血等病理改变。上述各类指标能够客观反映模型损伤，可以组成衡量模型发病的评估体系。结论巴马猪是制备DCS大动物模型的理想动物。

Objective To establish a swine model of diving decompression sickness(DCS)for applied basic research.Methods Six Bama miniature pigs underwent a simulated diving in DWC150 animal chamber with the profile of 600kPa(30min)exposure,followed by 600-500kPa(1min),500-400kPa(1.5min),400-300kPa(2min),300-200kPa(2.5min)and200-100kPa(3min)decompression.The limb motor function was detected by animal treadmill and the evoked potential of spinal cord was tested jointly to evaluate spinal cord injury of DCS.The amount of bubbles and cardio-pulmonary function were assessed by ultrasonography.The evolution of skin symptoms was observed and blood index was collected.A set of evaluating parameters were screened considering the overall behavior,histopathology,circulation and neurophysiology,bubble generation and inflammation response.Results The DCS incidence was 100%(6/6)in the present research and there was no animal death.Evoked potential and motor function underwent significant change after decompression.Cardiac ultrasonography detected substantial amount of bubbles in the venous system and the pulmonary artery index was changed.Typical skin lesions appeared.White blood cells and platelets were reduced,and the amount of D-dimer was increased.Congestion and bleeding were noticed in the lung and spinal cord.The changes of the above indicators could objectively reflect the DCS injuries,and could be used to set up an evaluation system for swine model of DCS.Conclusion Bama miniature pigs are ideal animals for DCS modelling.