10种植物水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜的防控效果分析

Bio-control activities of ten plant aqueous extracts to grape phylloxera(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch)

根瘤蚜被认为是世界性的葡萄害虫。本研究以川楝子、穿心莲、花椒、黄岑等10种植物的水浸提液为材料,通过毒性试验、驱避试验和生长发育试验3种方法,筛选对检疫害虫葡萄根瘤蚜(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch)具有生物毒性的植物种类,应用于生产,以减轻受侵染葡萄园的损害。结果表明,各植物水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜均有明显的驱避作用;浸提液处理后根瘤蚜若虫的死亡率随着时间延长而升高,由Logistic模型拟合方程计算得出,烟草和龙葵对根瘤蚜的半致死时间最短;10种植物浸提液对根瘤蚜的生长发育也有不同程度的抑制作用,烟草处理后虫卵即死亡,黄芪浸提液处理后根瘤蚜的发育历期可延长至30 d,比未处理的增加5.48 d;成虫产卵能力下降,日平均产卵量可降低50%以上。本研究所选植物水浸提液均对葡萄根瘤蚜具有不同程度的防控活性,其中以烟草浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜的虫卵和若虫的生存率的抑制作用最明显。

Grape phylloxera （Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch） is considered as serious ravaging insect pest through theworld. The present research aimed to screen effective plant material to phylloxera control, thus reducing the damagein infected vineyards. 10 different species of plants were used in this study, including Melia toosendan Sieb. EtZucc, Androgra phispaniculata （Burm. f.） Nees, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, Scutellaria hypericifolia Levl.Varhypericifolia, and so on. Toxicity and repellent activities towards the instars and life development of grape phylloxerawere quantified during the tests. All initial tests were completed in the laboratory and the results suggested that allthe tested plant materials have revealed repellent effect against phylloxera. Ten plant species aqueous extracts had adifferent inhibiting effect on phylloxera growth and development. Eggs were treated with tobacco aqueous could nothatch, meanwhile, phylloxera developmental durations prolonged by 5.48 days to 30 days when eggs were subjectedto the Astragalus membranaceus aqueous treatment. As conclusion, on one end, the study suggests that plant aqueousextracts tested in our research have biological activity to grape phylloxera and could affect normal survival. Onanother end, Nicotiana tabacum had a significantly negative effect to populations of phylloxera.