自我概念的结构与发展

The Framework and Development of Self-concept

自我概念是人格结构的重要组成部分,是人格心理学研究的一个重要概念。自1890年James提出自我概念以来,自我概念的研究虽几经波折但仍是心理学界经久不衰的研究主题。本文从自我概念的定义、结构、发展、影响因素等方面全面系统地回顾了自我概念研究的历程。

Self-concept has been an important construct in psychology, as well as an essential fraction of human personality. Since William James initiated studies of self-concept, the analysis has experienced a theoretical to empirical process.Notwithstanding the chasm in the definition of self-concept, researchers generally agree to delineate it as a subjective perception and discernment about an individual in aspects of physiological status, personality, attitude, social role, and past experience. The framework of self-concept evolved from abstract and single-dimensional model to multi-facet and multi-dimensional model. With regards to the developmental trajectory, self-concept has established in infancy, followed with labile stages during puberty and gradually matured in adulthood. Gender and other factors, including culture, social interaction and intrinsic perceptive ability, are factors significantly shape and influence the formation and development of self-concept.