论二十世纪前半叶毛泽东和梁漱溟对农民问题的认识

Study on Mao Zedong's and Liang Shumin's Awareness on Peasant Issues in the First Half of the 20th Century

毛泽东和梁漱溟均把农民问题作为找寻国家出路过程中的基本问题。毛泽东服从中国革命发展的需要考量农民问题,梁漱溟基于中国社会基础的再造考量农民问题,最后的结果是毛泽东主张的方案取得了成功,而梁漱溟的乡村建设实验却没有什么成效。他们为解决农民问题而进行的努力,虽然结局不同,但他们对农民问题的认知中都内含了革命性和现代性两方面的因素。他们探索的思路和方案都有其内在的合理性,其中梁漱溟的探索尽管就确立建国基础而言是一种理想化的设计,但就其解决农民问题本身而言还是有价值的。今天我们仍然需要从他们的思路中汲取营养,以求有助于解决农民问题。

Both Mao Zedong and Liang Shuming considered peasant issues as the basic problem helping the country finding a way out. Mao Zedong deah with the peasant issues in line with the requirement of the development of Chinese revolution, while Liang Shuming did it based on the rebuilt of China＇ s social foundation. In terms of results, Mao wined while Liang＇ s experiment did not make any substantive progress. Although the end was different, their ideas and practices contained the relevance of both revolutionariness and modernity. There is no doubt that plenty rationality involved in their methods and plans. For instance, Liang＇ s plan is idealized in terms of state foundation establishment, but has its due value in tackling the peasant issues. The author suggests even in nowadays, their ideas are valuable heritage to us in addressing the current farmer issues in the end of the paper.