农业文化遗产的内涵及保护中应注意把握的八组关系

The Connotation of Agricultural Heritage and the Eight Relations for Better Conservation

关于农业文化遗产的内涵及如何保护,学者及社会各界众说纷纭,莫衷一是。文章在梳理前人相关研究和国际比较的基础上,提出了农业文化遗产的完整概念及它与联合国粮农组织(FAO)"全球重要农业遗产"(GIAHS)的区别。将农业文化遗产划分为十个大类,界定了各类农业遗产的特征与特点。在结合国内外农业文化遗产保护实践的基础上,总结归纳了农业文化遗产保护过程中应当注意把握的八组关系,即传统农业与现代农业的关系、遗产保护与农民利益的关系、生产功能与文化功能的关系、保护主体与多方协调的关系、理论研究与实践推进的关系、现实保护与记忆留存的关系、政策导向与制度建设的关系及保护主体与社会大众的关系,提出了一些加强农业文化遗产保护的具体对策和建议。

Opinions have been varied on the concept of agricultural heritage and how to conserve it. Through an in-depth survey of related research and comparative studies, the author put forward a complete concept of agricultural heritage and the distinction from the definition of GIAHS by UNFA0. Ten categories have been subdivided under this concept as well as their features and characteristics. Based on the practical experiences of agricultural heritage protection, eight important re- lations have been summarized for better conservation. To be specific, theyaretraditional agriculture and modern agriculture, heritage conservation and the farmers＇ benefits, productive function and cultural function, major pusher and multiple coor- dinators, theoretical research and practice implementation, site protection and memory retention, policy orientation and in- stitution construction, and protection bodies and social massesrespectively. In the end, the authoralsoprovidedsome practi- cal policies and counter-measures.