阅读障碍的主要认知损伤

The Major Cognitive Deficits of Dyslexia

对字母语言和非字母语言阅读障碍的认知缺陷的研究发现,语音意识缺陷均表现在两类语言中,但二者所存在的问题又有明显的不同.对字母语言而言,阅读障碍的根源问题是语音技能和快速自动命名缺陷;而对汉语来说,阅读障碍的主要缺陷则集中在正字法知识技能、快速命名、序列内隐记忆等方面.我国相关研究领域还存在很多不足和缺乏,应该建立完整的汉语阅读障碍理论和研究体系.

Researches on cognitive deficits of dyslexia in alphabetic languages and non-alphabetic languages claim that deficits of phonological skills exist in both kinds of languages,while these deficits are apparently quite different from each other.Findings on dyslexic alphabetic readers suggest that the nature of dyslexia lies in deficits of phonological skills and rapid automatic naming.Chinese dyslexia,however,has different manifestations with reading disorders in alphabetic languages.The main deficits of Chinese reading disorders include orthographic skills deficiency,slower rapid automatic naming speed,and less implicit sequence learning.In China,studies in these fields are relatively scarce and insufficient;therefore,a comprehensive system of theory and research on Chinese dyslexia remains to be constructed.