后人学·无调哲学·否定的辩证法——阿多尔诺与法兰克福学派的“后现代转折”

Posthomonology·Atonal Philosophy·Negative Dialectic——The Postmodem Transition of T.W.Adorno and Frankfurt School

本文认为,中、后期法兰克福学派的批判理论超越了已往一切人本主义,可以被指认为一种反对一切奴役性人本主义的后人学。其理论主将阿多尔诺批判了隐藏在总体性话语和物化理论背后的奴役性二元分裂和人类中心主义,倡导"力场"和"星丛"的非架构性状态,类似于无调音乐,可称为无调哲学。他还批判了同一性逻辑,提出了以对非同一性的意识为主旨的否定的辩证法。

In its later development,Frankfurt school had gone so much further than the traditional humanism that in fact a logic rupture, though invisible,had appeared.Mainly using Critical Theory and the theory of technical reason as their weapon,members of this school fought against the traditional humanism and rationalism. They reproached them for deeply indulging in homocentricism and crowning reason,especially technical reason,as the king of the nature and all living creatures including human being.By deconstructing the logic of homocefitricism,these thinkers extended their theoretical practice into a new field in which all sorts of slavery would meet their end.And just according to this,we can call these thinkers as the pioneers of the posthomonology.Among these pioneers,T.W.Adorno was regarded as one of the most important authors for his philosophical efforts.Adorno was not satisfied with G.Lukacs mainly in his two concepts:totality and alienation.He pointed out that both concepts were based on the agelong dualism, which originated in Descartes’distinction between subject and object.Guiding under these two concepts,not only human beings but also nature would inevitably be put into slavery in the end. Therefore,enlightened by the atonality in music,Adorno became an advocate of a so-called atonal philosophy,which made every effort to achieve the peaceful friendship between subject and object,nature and human beings.Negative dialectic,though appeared in his later works,had the similar aim in general.It hotly opposed all kinds of identity,whether hidden or exposed.