海德格尔与马克思:在历史之思中相遇——论历史唯物主义的存在论境域

Heidegger and Marx:Meeting in the Thought of History——On the Ontological Context of Historical Materialism

本文所欲证明的是,在当代西方哲学走了一段超出近代范畴的思想道路之后,有必要重新回顾历史唯物主义的成果,再度深入为历史唯物主义所通达的存在论境域。对于这一证明来说,海德格尔在其历史之思中与马克思的相遇,提供了最有说服力和最具本质重要性的证明。

Marx and Heidegger,though living in different centuries,can be considered under the same title,that is,both are revolutionists in philosophy.Historical materialism and ontology are the outstanding results of their revolution.Naturally we can not put these two thinkers together and make a face to face discussion,but in fact we have full reason to put historical materialism under the ontological context and see what will happen.In addition,we also erase the ambiguity,which is a result of modern philosophy and cover Marxism for a long time.What we should mention in the first is that Heidegger had a short but very important account of Marx’s historical materialism.He thinks that it has more advantages than any other theories of history.But what does this advantage mean? To answer this,we must clarify why Marx gives history an essential position.Marx finds that the traditional metaphysics have forgotten the primitive relationship between man and nature,then he picks up what has been lost and paints a general picture of the historical origination of human beings and their historical actions.This is the very difference between Marx and the philosophers before him. Then the question is,what we can get from this historical action. The answer is that there is no abstract nature,which is standing out of human society.Only by human society can we get the truth of both man and nature.