马克思主义世界观科学性的客观依据——论马克思主义哲学本体论及其当代价值

The Objective Warranty of the Scientificity of Marxist Weltanschauung——On the Ontology of Marxist Philosophy and its Contemporary Value

本文试图从马克思世界观的角度出发,探讨马克思主义哲学的本体论及其当代价值。首先,本文指出,一方面,没有关于本体论的理论就没有哲学,另一方面,本体论学说是多样而且变化的。接着,文章分析了主客体认识关系中的本体论困境,认为,马克思把实践作为主客体之间辩证统一的基础,从而使哲学本体论从困境中摆脱出来。最后,文章探讨了马克思主义哲学的世界观,认为它结合了科学性和人文精神,在这个基础上,文章对马克思主义哲学本体论的意义进行了阐发。

Marxist philosophy has its characteristics concerning not only science but also value.These two characteristics are unified on the base of praxis.And the objec- tive warranty of this unification is the objective principle of world itself.The objec- tivity of world is the fundamentality of Marxist philosophy. The inevitability of ontological question reflects the human existential condi- tion.Although ontology cant cover all the philosophy yet has great significance to a philosophical system.The world is only one but the ontological theories are vari- ous.We can refute those false ontological theories but cant refute ontology itself. So we cant reduce Marxist philosophy to the abandonment of ontology.Ontological problem refers not only to the nature of world but also to the field of cognition, praxis and life.And the point is that the world is objective.All the turns of con- temporary philosophy such as epistemological,linguistic,methodological,axiologi- cal,practical one and so on,cant steer clear of the objectivity of world.Since the ancient age Weltanschauung has existed,however it came to get its scientific cha- racteristic after a long time.The reason is that the objectivity of world is the most difficult one of all philosophical questions.That is,it is a paradox for man to prove the being independent of his consciousness.Here the point is to go out of the di- lemma of the epistemological egoism. The old materialism discussed the objectivity of world while departing from subject.In order to resolve this contradiction we should involve subject and enter into the field of subject-object.The correct resolution of this epistemological question is helpful to the resolution of ontological question.But the involvement of subject increased the possibility of immersion in idealism.That is,the objectivity of the cognized object is questionable.Marxist philosophy resolved those difficul- ties really and truly.According to Marxist philosophers,world is objective and in- dependent of human subject.Nevertheless the objectivity of world is not immutable but changes in itself.This change included beth the evolution of nature and human influence on nature.The humanized nature does not deny the objectivity of world because it is from the human influence on the nature in-itself.Marxist philosophy differentiates two relations of subject-object,namely,the relation of science and that of value. Since philosophy is Weltanschanung,it can't defy the existence of objective world.What man faces is the human world.What man deals with directly is a fi- nite world in which the nature,society and man are unified on the base of praxis. This unified world is an open system inclining to an infinite world that has not yet come to the sphere of human praxis and cognition.The scientific characteristic of Marxist philosophy emphasizes that philosophy can achieve the scientific under- standing of world and the ontology is the exploration to the world faced by human praxis.Moreover the scientific characteristic of the Weltanschanung of Marxist phi- losophy is related to its humanitarianism.Marxist philosophy attaches importance to the question of human existence.To sum up,the key of the transformation of Marxist philosophy is the scientific theory of ontology.And it could be anticipated that the ontology of Marxist philosophy would be developed along with the develop- ment of science and technology.