哈贝马斯“重建”历史唯物主义辨析

An Analysis of Habermas' Reconstruction of Historical Materialism

哈贝马斯立足于交往合理性理论,按照他自己的解释模式对历史唯物主义的基本范畴进行批判性考察,并依据当代资本主义社会的新情况,批判了教条化的马克思主义对现实社会问题的解释失效,主张用"新进化论"和结构主义的观点"重建"历史唯物主义。然而,哈贝马斯并没有把马克思的原典和后来的庸俗的、教条化的马克思主义区分开来。在他重新检视历史唯物主义的基本范畴时,曲解了马克思哲学由以建基的"劳动"概念,将其归结为工具理性行为范畴。由此引发的对唯物史观其他范畴的批判,就更加远离了马克思哲学的本义。

Based on the theory of communicative rationality,Habermas critically investi- gated the basic categories of historical materialism according to his own theory of communicative action.Habermas criticized dogmatic Marxism on basis of the new circumstances of the contemporary capitalism and claimed that he would adopte the views of neo-evolutionism and structuralism to restructure historical materialism. However Habermas did not strictly distinguish the differences between Marx's theory and later dogmatic Marxist approach.When he reinspected the basic categories of historical materialism,he regarded Marx's concept of'labour'as the category of instrumental action.From this,not only Habermas misunderstood Marx's concept of'labour',but also his criticizing about other categories of historical materialism even more deviated from the original meaning of Marx's philosophy.