马克思和韦伯的资本主义批判

Marx and Weber Critics of Capitalism

马克思和韦伯对于资本主义的理解上既存在着差异,也存在着许多共同之处。马克思对于资本主义的批判建立在五个内在的标准之上:非正义的剥削、因异化、物化、商品拜物教而丧失自由、社会生活的金钱式的量化、资本主义制度的非理性性质以及现代的野蛮状态。韦伯对于资本主义的态度则更加矛盾,他对于资本主义制度的实质性批判主要包括两个相互关联的方面:手段与目的之颠倒;屈从于某种极其强力的机制,被自己所创造的体制所监禁。

In spite of their undeniable differences,Marx and Weber have much in common in their understanding of modem capitalism.Marx's and-capitalism is based on certain values or criteria,it is organized around five fundamental issues:the injustice of exploitation,the loss of liberty through alienation, venal quantification,irrationality,and modem barbarism.Max Weber's atti- tude towards capitalism is much more ambivalent and contradictory.One can distinguish two aspects——intimately linked between them——in Weber's critique of the substance itself of the capitalist system:first,the in- version between means and ends;second,the submission to an all powerful mechanism,the imprisonment in a system which oneself has created.