哈贝马斯论塞尔的《意义、交往及表现》

Habermas' Comments on John Searle's Meaning,Communication,and Representation

一方面,哈贝马斯的言语行为理论更多地是通过吸收和批判其他语言学家、语言哲学家的理论而建构起来的。既然哈贝马斯认为"迄今,塞尔对言语行为理论作了极为精确的详细论述"①,我们不妨以他对塞尔言语行为理论的评述为角度进一步进行探究。另一方面,哈贝马斯试图以自己的言语行为理论为其社会学行为理论做立足点,这也是其理论何以区别于其他言语行为理论一个特点。应该说,哈贝马斯的言语行为理论并没有停留在纯粹语言学分析的层面上,而是处处体现出他对社会理论的关注。

On the one hand,Habermas set up his theory of speech act by the way of taking in as well as criticizing those theories of other linguists'and philosophers'.Since he regards Searle's version of speech-act theory to be'most precisely explicated up to now',we might as well take his comments on Searle's theory of speech act as an approach to a further inquiry into his theory.On the other hand,Habermas intends to make his theory of speech act as a standpoint of his sociological theory,which distinguishes itself with other theories of the same type.As it were,Habermas' theory of speech act,for investigating speech act,not only turns to a sociological perspective, but also turns away from a purely linguistic way.As for Habermas, they are two sides of the same coin.