连续施用不同量有机肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Consecutive Application of Different Quantities of Manure on Soil Fertility and Maize Yield

在辽宁省昌图县进行了连续6 a施用不同量[0(对照)、15 000、37 500、60 000 kg/hm^2]有机肥(鸡粪)的田间试验,探讨了有机肥对棕壤土养分含量、微生物数量及玉米产量的影响,旨在为农田地力提升和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明,连续6 a施用有机肥后,棕壤土有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比对照提高了17.4%~77.4%、10.9%~55.5%、17.8%~36.4%、503.9%~1 371.8%和29.4%~203.7%,细菌和放线菌数量分别增加了7.7~10.7倍和10.6~19.9倍,且土壤养分含量及微生物数量均表现为60 000 kg/hm^2有机肥处理>37 500 kg/hm^2有机肥处理>15 000 kg/hm^2有机肥处理>对照;玉米叶片叶绿素含量提高,茎秆强度和根质量显著提高;玉米增产23.5%~33.1%,且以施有机肥37 500 kg/hm^2处理产量最高。

The different quantities of manure were applied to field in Changtu county of Liaoning province for consecutive six years. The effects of manure on soil nutrient contents,microbial quantities and maize yield were studied,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving farmland soil fertility and agricultural sustainable development. The results showed that compared with the control without manure,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of the treatments with manure increased by 17. 4% —77. 4%,10. 9% —55. 5%,17. 8% —36. 4%,503. 9% —1 371. 8% and 29. 4% —203. 7%,respectively; moreover,the quantities of bacteria and actinomycete of the treatments with manure were enhanced by 7. 7—10. 7 times and 10. 6—9. 9 times the quantities of control. The orders of nutrients contents and microbial quantities in soils were 60 000 kg / ha manure 37 500 kg / ha manure 15 000 kg / ha manure control. Compared with the control,the maize leaf spad,straw stiffness and root weight of the treatments with manure as well were improved; maize yield was increased by 23. 5% —33. 1%,and the treatment with 37 500 kg / ha had the highest yield.