灌溉制度对甜瓜/向日葵套作系统光能利用效率和繁殖分配的影响

Effects of Irrigation System on Radiation Use Efficiency and Reproductive Allocation of Melon / Sunflower Relay Intercropping System

为了明确绿洲灌区套作系统的光能和灌水利用效率,实现节水高产高效的农业生产目标。在限量灌水条件下,进行了甜瓜/向日葵单套作灌溉试验,研究了河西绿洲灌区9种灌溉制度下甜瓜/向日葵单套作系统的光能利用率和繁殖分配。结果表明,甜瓜/向日葵套作系统的生物量积累和光能利用率显著高于2种作物单作,套作系统的总生物量和光能利用效率在灌水次数9次和灌水定额450 m^3/hm^2时达到最大,光能利用效率(1.25%)比甜瓜、向日葵单作分别提高93.50%、75.32%,套作系统总生物量(15 724 kg/hm^2)比甜瓜、向日葵单作分别提高87.30%、92.79%。甜瓜、向日葵套作显著提高了2种作物地上部繁殖分配比例,2种作物单作各灌水处理间繁殖分配比例无显著差异。甜瓜/向日葵套作系统的适宜灌溉制度为:全生育期灌水9次、灌水定额450 m^3/hm^2。

To determine the radiation use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency of relay intercropping system in the oasis area,realize the target of saving water and high yield,a field experiment of limited irrigation was conducted,and the radiation use efficiencies and reproductive allocations of melon and sunflower were investigated with monoculture and relay intercropping under nine irrigation systems in Hexi oasis irrigation region. The results showed that the biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of melon / sunflower relay intercropping system were significantly higher than those of the monoculture. The maximum biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of the relay intercropping system were achieved when the irrigation frequency was nine times,and water quota was 450 m^3/ ha. Compared with melon and sunflower monocultures,the radiation use efficiency（ 1. 25%） of the relay intercropping system increased by 93. 50% and 75. 32%; the total biomass of the relay intercropping system（ 15 724 kg / ha）was improved by 87. 30% and 92. 79% respectively. Relay intercropping system significantly increased the reproductive allocation ration of melon and sunflower,no significant difference in plant reproductive allocation ration was found between monoculture. The suitable irrigation system of melon / sunflower relay intercropping system in Hexi oasis irrigation region was the combination of irrigation nine times in the whole growth period with the water quota of 450 m^3/ ha.