不同灌溉方式下脐橙生育特性及品质的水肥一体调节效应

Integrated Water and Fertilizer Regulation Effects of Orange Growth Characteristics and Quality under Different Irrigation Methods

探索了不同灌溉方式下（常规灌溉、分根区固定灌溉和分根区交替灌溉）脐橙生育特性及品质的水肥一体调节效应,为脐橙高效生长和优质奠定基础。结果表明,相比高肥水质量比（氮与水质量比）,低肥水质量比使脐橙萌芽率降低了5.18%-11.54%,枝梢平均生长量降低了9.10%-25.51%,开花率降低了19.81%-27.09%,果实横径降低了1.73%-11.66%,可溶性固形物提高1.00%-12.00%,糖提高2.08%-11.93%,酸变化幅度为-4.39%-25.58%,Vc变化幅度为-15.78-12.31%,单株产量降低7.56-15.00%。相比常规灌溉,分根区固定灌溉下萌芽率降低了14.13%-18.14%,枝梢平均生长量下降了12.64%-21.44%,开花率提高了13.46%-22.45%,果实横径降低了5.02%-12.89%,可溶性固形物、糖、酸和Vc分别提高35.64%-48.00%、51.09%-56.95%、271.53%-314.76%、77.98%-95.16%,单株产量降低30.10-32.02%;分根区交替灌溉下萌芽率降低了6.59%-8.84%,枝梢平均生长量下降了5.03%-12.55%,开花率提高了6.16%-9.07%,果实横径降低了0.34%-4.00%,可溶性固形物、糖、酸和Vc分别提高4.95%-19.00%、2.12%-23.52%、8.16%-63.09%、3.90%-19.46%,单株产量降低12.40%-20.30%。因此,低肥水质量比及分根区交替灌溉方式对脐橙产量影响较小,可降低冗余生长且显著提高品质。

The navel orange growth characteristics and quality of water and fertilizer of regulating effects under different irrigation modes（normal irrigation and partial root zone fixed irrigation and partial root zone alternate irrigation）were explored to lay the foundation for the high growth and high quality of navel orange.The results showed that compared to the high water and fertilizer solution concentration（nitrogen and water quality ratio）,under low water and fertilizer solution concentration,the navel orange bud rate decreased by 5.18% -11.54%,shoot average growth quantity reduced by 9.10%-25.51%,flowering rate decreased by 19.81%-27.09%,fruit horizontal size reduced by 1.73%-11.66% and plant production of navel orange decreased by 29.63%-32.53%,soluble solids increased by 1.00%-12.00%,sugar increased by 2.08% -11.93%,acid change range was-4.39% -25.58%,vitamin C content change range was-15.78%-12.31%,yield decreased by 7.56%-15.00%.Compared with conventional irrigation,under partial root zone fixed irrigation,navel orange germination rate decreased by 14.13%-18.14%,shoot average growth rate decreased by 12.64%-21.44%,flowering rate increased by 13.46%-22.45%,fruit horizontal diameter reduced by 5.02%-12.89%,the yield of per plant reduced by 29.63%-32.53%,soluble solids,sugar,acid and vitamin C content were respectively increased by 35.64%-48.00%,and51.09%-56.95%,and 271.53%-314.76%,and 77.98%-95.16%,and the yield of per plant reduced by 30.10%-32.02%;under partial root zone alternate irrigation,navel orange germination rate decreased by 6.59%-8.84%,shoot average growth rate decreased by 5.03%-12.55%,flowering rate increased by6.16%-9.07%,fruit horizontal diameter reduced by 0.34%-4.00%,the yield of per plant navel orange decreased by 12.28% -19.33%,soluble solids,sugar,acid and vitamin C respectively increased by4.95%-19.00%,,2.12%-23.52%,8.16%-63.09%,and 3.90%-19.46%,the yield of per plant reduced by 12.40%-20.30%.Therefore,low water and fertilizer solution concentration and alternate partial root zone irrigation methods could significantly reduce the redundant growth,improve quality,and have a smaller influence on the yield of navel orangeat the same time.