废弃电路板中非金属组分的回收利用

Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste printed circuit boards

废弃电路板是电子废弃物的重要组成部分.目前工业生产及工艺开发多针对极具经济回收价值的电路板金属组分.然而,占电路板质量分数70%的非金属组分却关注较少.文章分析了废弃电路板非金属组分的组成及其有害组分,其含有树脂及玻璃纤维等有价成分和溴、夹杂重金属等污染环境的物质,其回收利用对于资源循环利用及环境保护均有重要意义.非金属组分回收利用主要有物理处理和化学处理2种技术:物理处理技术主要将非金属组分用作结构材料填料、塑料改性剂和建筑材料改性剂;化学处理技术通过焚烧将非金属组分用作燃料和熔剂或通过热解回收或溶剂分解回收可将非金属组分转化为化工产品.这2种技术在非金属组分资源化利用上各有优势,都已有部分工业化应用.

Waste printed circuit boards（WPCBs）are important parts in the electronic waste.Nowadays,recovering metals from WPCBs are developed but non-metallic fractions which accounts for 70% of waste printed circuit boards have not been effectively utilized.The non-metallic fractions and hazards in waste printed cir-cuit boards were analyzed in this paper.The results show that resins and glass fiber in non-metallic fractions can be recycled and bromine and heavy metals could pollute environment.Recovering non-metallic fractions are important to recycling and environment,which can be divided into physical recycling technology and chemical recycling technology,with the formal using non-metallic fractions as the filler materials,plastic modifier or building material modifiers,and the latter using non-metallic fractions as the fuel and smelting flux through incineration or convert non-metallic fractions into chemical products through pyrolysis or solvent decomposition.Both technologies have their own advantages in resource utilization of non-metallic fractions,and partly been put into industrialized application.