2004～2015年中国儿童抗生素使用情况分析

Analysis of the Status of Antibiotics Use of Children in China From 2004 to 2015

目的描述中国儿童抗生素的使用情况,分析儿童抗生素使用的合理性,为进一步加强儿童抗生素使用的管理提供参考依据。方法以中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方、维普数据库（VIP）、Springer link、Medline、Science Direct及Pub Med外文数据库为检索源,按照纳入与排除标准搜集2004年01月01日~2015年06月20日期间公开发表的关于中国儿童抗生素使用情况的文献进行分析。结果纳入文献280篇,儿童总数为1 237 446名。中国儿童抗生素使用率为58.37%;使用种类主要为头孢菌素类、青霉素类、大环内酯类及氨基糖苷类等;单用比例为71.14%,联用比例28.86%;静脉滴注给药率为67.36%;门诊儿童抗生素使用率为55.37%;住院儿童抗生素使用率为77.56%;不合理使用率为19.95%。结论儿童抗生素种类选择相对合理。儿童抗生素使用率、联用比例、静脉滴注给药率、不合理用药率偏高,抗生素不合理使用现象明显,应得到相关部门进一步的重视,加强对儿童抗生素使用的规范化管理。

Objective To describe the status of antibiotics use in children of China,analyze the rationality of antibiotic use,and provide guidance for the further administration of the antibiotics use in children. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the articles on antibiotics use in children of China were searched in CNKI,Wan Fang,VIP database,Springer link,Medline,Science Direct and Pub Med English database,and the search data was between January 1st2004 and June 20 th 2015. Results A total of 1 237 446 children were analysed. The primary kinds of antibiotics were cephalosporin,penicillin,macrolides and aminoglycosides in China; The rate of children antibiotic use was 58.37% in China and of which single kind use was 71.14%,and combined use was 28.86%; the rate of intravenous injection was 67.36%; the rate of outpatient children was 55.37%,and hospitalized children was 77.56%; the rate of irrational antibiotics use was 19.95%. Conclusion The choosing of antibiotics types was reasonable in China,but there were some problems.There was a high rate of antibiotics use of combined and intravenous administration; the phenomenon of irrational use antibiotics was obvious.So the relevant departments should pay attention to these and strengthen the standardized administration of antibiotics use in children.