某体育馆火灾烟气特性数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation study of the fire smoke characteristics in a gymnasium

采用数值模拟方法研究某体育馆的火灾发展过程,探讨火灾蔓延和烟气运动对人员逃生的影响.通过描述火源、体育馆的结构及其内饰物的属性,研究体育馆内关键位置的温度分布、烟气运动、能见度以及CO和O_2体积分数的变化规律,以便揭示体育馆的火灾发展、烟气运动过程以及对人员安全疏散的影响.结合烟气温度、能见度和CO体积分数的模拟结果得出关键位置的可用安全疏散时间(ASET).结果表明:靠近火源的一层北部通道可用安全疏散时间仅为一层南部通道的36%.因此,一旦发生火灾,体育馆内人员应从远离火源位置的南部通道迅速撤离.

The paper aims to display the fire spreading process in a gymnasium and investigate the influences of fire spreading and smoke movement on personnel escape.In this paper,a series of numerical simulation calculations had been conducted on the combustion characteristics with the simplified gymnasium model,in order to study the development process of the gymnasium fire.The variation rules of temperature distribution,smoke movement,visibility,CO and O_2 volume fraction are researched in order to reveal the fire spreading process,smoke movement process,and the influences on personnel escape.Combining with the simulation results of smoke temperature,visibility,and CO volume fraction,the available safety evacuation time（ASET）in the key positions can be gotten.The experimental results show that the ASET of the northern export on the first floor near the fire source is only 36% of that of the southern export.Therefore,in case of fire,people should escape quickly from the southern export which far away from the fire source.