闻喜旱区不同品种小麦水分利用和产量形成的差异

The study of different wheat varieties on water use and yield formation of dryland wheat in Wenxi

为筛选适合旱作麦区生产的高产、高效小麦品种,将16个小麦品种在山西省闻喜县进行田间试验,通过对产量进行聚类分析,分为高产品种和低产品种两类,并选择其中有代表性的8个品种进行小麦水分、产量的研究。结果表明：各生育期土壤蓄水量,各生育期单株干物质量,成熟期株高、穗长、可孕小穗数,穗数、穗粒数、产量、水分利用效率均值高产品种均高于低产品种。越冬-孕穗期土壤蓄水量、各生育期单株干物质量、穗数、穗粒数、产量、水分利用效率高产品种以临Y8159、石麦19号较高,低产品种以运旱618、长麦251较高。株高、可孕小穗高产品种以临Y8159较高,低产品种以运旱618、长麦251较高;穗长、不孕小穗高产品种以运旱20410、运旱805较高,低产品种穗长以运旱618、长麦251较高,不孕小穗以长麦6697、洛旱11显著较高。花后5~35d籽粒千粒重、成熟期籽粒千粒重高产品种以运旱20410最高,低产品种以洛旱11显著最高。总之,8个小麦品种中临Y8159、石麦19号水分、产量较高,是适宜该旱作麦区生长的高产、高效品种。

In order to filter out high-yield and more efficient varieties of wheat which were suitable for the dryland wheat area.16 wheat varieties were selected in Wenxi County,Shanxi Province in field.According to the analysis of yield,the different varieties were classified into two groups of high yield and low yield.Eight wheat varieties of two types were selected to study the difference of water and yield.The results showed that the value of soil water storage in different growth stages,dry weight of plant in different growth stages,plant height,spike length,bearing spikelet number,spike number,grain number,yield and WUE of high yield were higher than low yield.Soil water storage from wintering stage to booting stage,dry weight of plant in different growth stages,spike number,grain number,yield and WUE were higher in LY8159 and SM19among high yield varieties,which were higher in YH618 and CM251among low yield varieties.Plant height and bearing spikelet number were higher in LY8159 among high yield varieties,which were higher in YH618 and CM251among low yield varieties.Spike length and sterility spikelet number were higher in YH20410 and YH805among high yield varieties.Spike length was higher in YH618 and CM251among low yield varieties.Sterility spikelet number was higher in CM6697 and LH11among low yield varieties.5~35d1000-grain weight after anthesis and 1000-grain weight at maturity were the highest in YH20410 among high yield varieties,which were the highest in YH11 among low yield varieties.To sum up,the water and yield were higher in LY8159 and SM19among eight wheat varieties,which are more suitable for the dryland wheat area as high-yield and more efficient varieties.