氮磷钾配施对大蒜生长发育的影响

The influence of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application on the growth and development of garlic

在大田试验条件下,研究了N、P、K肥配施对大蒜株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、硝态氮、叶绿素、Vc含量及产量与经济效益的影响。结果表明:增施氮、磷、钾均可以促进苗蒜株高,叶片增大、叶片数增多,以N255P90K120配比最佳;大蒜硝态氮含量随氮肥增加而增加,配施P、K肥可使硝态氮含量降低,以处理N255P90(磷铵)K240的硝态氮含量最低;增施氮、磷可增加叶绿素含量,以N255P90K120配比最佳;N、P肥施用量过高,会导致Vc含量下降,以处理N150P45K120含量最高。增施氮肥可提高产量,但经济效益降低,增施磷肥对苗蒜有减产作用,钾肥在N255、P90组合条件下对苗蒜产量增产明显,施用磷铵优于过磷酸钙。大蒜施肥量以施N 255kg·hm-2、P2O545kg·hm-2、K2O 120kg·hm-2产量最高,建议大蒜施肥应控制氮肥、磷肥的用量并配施钾肥以改善大蒜品质和提高产量。

Under the condition of the field test we have studied the effect of the ratio of N,P and K fertilizer on the development of garlic,including plant altitude,leaf-length,leaf-width,leaves number,nitrate nitrogen,content of ascorbic acid,content of chlorophyll,yield and economic benefit.The result showed that,more nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium may promote the plant high,N255P90K120 proportion was the best.Nitrate nitrogen increased with the N fertilizer,combined application of P,K fertilizer or phosphate diamine instead of superphosphate,nitrate nitrogen decreased,and the treatment of N255P90（磷铵）K240 was the lowest.More nitrogen and potassium may increase the content of chlorophyll,and N255P90K120 proportion was the best;N,P fertilizer application amount was too high,it would lead to the decline of the content of Vc,the treatment of N150P45K120 was the highest.With N fertilizer increased,the economic benefit decreased.With the increase of P fertilizer,the yield of garlic was decreased.The yield of garlic was increased significantly under the combination of N255 and P90..Application of ammonium phosphate was better than superphosphate.Provided fertilization with N 255kg·hm-2、P2O545kg·hm-2、K2O 120kg·hm-2,the yield was the highest.It is suggested that the garlic fertilization should control the amount of N and P fertilizer,and K application could improve the quality and the yield of garlic.