产油微藻油脂代谢相关酶基因研究进展

Research progress of oil-producing microalgae metabolizing enzyme gene

微藻以其生长周期短、不占用农业耕地而被作为第三代生物柴油的首选原料。产油率不高一直是制约微藻生物柴油发展的成本瓶颈。随着现代分子生物技术的发展,采用代谢过程、基因工程的方法,实现对微藻油脂代谢调节的人工控制,从而提高微藻油脂产率将成为微藻生物柴油的发展方向。对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶、酰基CoA:二酰基甘油酰基转移酶、苹果酸酶、柠檬酸裂合酶、柠檬酸合成酶等产油微藻代谢与调控关键酶基因进行了综述。总结了提高微藻产油率的发展思路,即通过基因工程手段实现对相关酶基因调控,以提高藻油的产率、降低生物柴油的生产成本,从而为工业化生产提供有力的技术手段。

Microalgae with short growing period and not occupying agricultural land become the first choice for the third generation biodiesel feedstock.Oil production rate being not high is a cost bottleneck which has been restricting the development of microalgae biodiesel.With the development of modern molecular biology techniques,using the method of metabolic processes and genetic engineering,to achieve the microalgae oil metabolic regulation of artificial control,thereby enhancing the yield of microalgae oil will become the development direction of microalgae biodiesel.The oil-producing microalgae metabolic key enzymes gene and related regulation genes were reviewed,such as acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,fatty acid synthase,acyl-CoA：diacylglycerol acyltransferase,malic enzyme,citric lyase and citrate synthase enzyme.The development way of enhanced microalgae oil was Summarized,namely realizing gene regulation of enzymes through genetic engineering means to improve microalgal oil yield and lower production costs,thus providing strong technical means for industrial production.