云南省腾冲市3种油茶籽性状分析

Character Analysis of Three Types of Oil-tea Seeds in Tengchong City of Yunnan Province

[目的]比较3种云南省腾冲市油茶籽性状。[方法]对腾冲红花油茶籽、普通油茶籽和怒江红山茶籽的颜色、形状、千粒重、出仁率、出油率和油脂外观等6个性状进行研究。[结果]1普通油茶籽和腾冲红花油茶籽为土黄色或褐色,怒江红山茶籽为土黄色;23种油茶籽的形状均为三角形、半球形或不规则形;3普通油茶籽油和怒江红山茶籽油淡黄清亮,腾冲红花油茶籽油橙黄清亮;4腾冲红花油茶籽、普通油茶籽和怒江红山茶籽的平均千粒重分别为2 067.8、1 286.0、316.6 g,存在极显著差异;5出仁率从高到低依次为腾冲红花油茶籽、普通油茶籽、怒江红山茶籽;6出油率从高到低依次为腾冲红花油茶籽、怒江红山茶籽、普通油茶籽,腾冲红花油茶籽与其他2种油茶籽差异显著。[结论]生产上要以发展腾冲红花油茶为主,不宜过多发展普通油茶;建议各生产厂家要严格筛选腾冲红花油茶籽,以防掺假,影响腾冲红花油茶油的质量。

[Objective] To compare the characters of three types of oil-tea seeds in Tengchong City of Yunnan Province. [Method] Six characters of Camellia reticulate,Camellia saluenensis and Camellia oleif were compared,including the color,shape,1000-grain weight,kernel rate,oil yield and oil appearance. [Result]（ 1） Seeds of C. oleif and C. reticulate were earthy yellow or brown,while seeds of C. saluenensis were earthy yellow.（ 2） Shapes of the three seeds were triangle,hemisphere or irregular.（ 3） Oils of C. oleif and C. saluenensis light yellow and clear; while oil of C. reticulate was orange and clear.（ 4） The 1000-grain weights of C. reticulate,C. oleif and C. saluenensis were2 067. 8,1 286. 0 and 316. 6 g,respectively,showing extremdy significant differences.（ 5） Kernel rates were in the order of C. reticulate C. oleif C. saluenensis,showing no significant differences.（ 6） Oil yields were in the order of C. reticulate C. saluenensis C. oleif.Among them,C. reticulate showed no significant differences with other two types. [Conclusion] C. reticulate should be developed in production; but too much development should not be carried out for C. oleif. Oil-tea seeds of C. reticulate should be strictly screened in order to avoid adulteration,and to ensure the quality of C. reticulate.