中国耕地占补平衡制度的演变与展望

Evolution and Prospect for Balance of Cultivated Land's Occupation-Compensation System in China

耕地占补平衡自1997年提出以来,逐步从"数量平衡"发展到现今的"数量、质量和生态平衡",对于稳定我国的耕地面积成效突出,但在补充耕地质量、生态及制度实施等方面存在诸多不足。同时,城镇化的快速推进等导致建设占用耕地需求强劲,而我国耕地后备资源少且空间分布不均,部分区域落实耕地占补平衡制度难度越来越大。该研究在对我国耕地占补平衡制度回顾和相关研究总结的基础上,从耕地质量建设、补充耕地项目市场机制建设及耕地占补生态评价等方面提出了完善耕地占补平衡制度的相关措施。

Balance of cultivated land＇s occupation-compensation,presented in 1997,has gradually developed from＂quantity balance＂to today＇s＂quantity,quality and ecological balance＂,and it has great benefits to the stability of our country＇s food production. However,the balance of cultivated land＇s occupation-compensation system also generated some deficiencies in the new cultivated land quality,environment protection,and system implementation. At the same time,the demand of cultivated land occupation caused by the fast urbanization increasing rapidly while the less reserve cultivated land resources has nonuniform space distribution in China. It became more and more difficult to carry out the balance of cultivated land＇s occupation-compensation system in some area of China. On the basis of review and related research on the balance of cultivated land＇s occupation-compensation system in China,this paper puts forward some measures,mainly from the cultivated land quality construction,cultivated land developing market construction and dynamic ecological evaluation for new cultivated land,to improve the balance of cultivated land＇s occupation-compensation system.