甲骨文与殷商农时探析

Analysis on Oracle and Farming Season in Shang Dynasty

我国先民对农时的认识源远流长,从甲骨文看,殷商时期的农时观念已较完善,农时内涵丰富。农业生产诸环节都有了具体的时间安排,农事活动时间阶段性明显,集中于耕作、播种和收获三个阶段,这与我国传统农业农事安排相一致,实为传统"三时"观的滥觞。当时农业生产已有农忙和农闲之分,农忙的月份安排有相应的农事活动。商代可能有类似月令体的历书,其中应含有相应月份的农事安排。商代农时观中夹杂有宗教迷信色彩。

Our ancestors＇ understanding of farming season has a long history, through Oracle, we know that the relatively strict concept about content of agricultural production had farming a mainly in three stages, namely, farming, season had formed in Shang dynasty, its connotation is rich. The specific schedule, There are obvious stages of agricultural activities, planting and harvesting, consistent with the traditional Chinese farm- ing arrangements, it is the origin of the traditional concept of＂ duction had difference between busy and leisure, it had been the three season ＂. At that time, agricultural pro- arranged corresponding agricultural activities in busy months. There may be a similar calendar which should contain the corresponding month farming arrange- ments. Religious superstition was attached to the concept of the agricultural season.