汉代的田庐

A Study on the Field Hut in Han Dynasty

先秦之时的田庐是集体居住于里社的农民设立在田地中用于临时休息、存放物品、看护庄稼的小棚屋,初始的田庐面积狭小,形制简陋,不能久居。随着社会的发展,汉代田庐的涵义扩大并逐渐发生分化,其中一部分仍然保留原始的形态,有的还被政府赋予治安警戒的功用;另一部分则逐渐由临时棚舍发展成为较稳定的居住之所,面积和形制都得以扩大,成为新的自然聚落的产生基础,而这一类田庐就成为汉代儒家学者想象先秦井田制下的田庐形制的现实依据之一。

During pre-Qin period, the field hut is a cottage which is set up in the fields for temporary seating, storing items and nursing crops by peasants who are collective living in the community, it is too small, simple and crude to be lived for a long time. With the development of society in Han Dynasty, the meaning of the field hut gradually expanded and can be divided into two categories： some of which still retain the original form, and be given the security alert function; the other part is gradually developed from temporary sheds to stable settlement, their size and shape are expanded, sometimes will form a new settlement under certain conditions. The latter has become one of the realistic basis for Confucian scholars in Han Dynasty who imagine the pattern of the field hut under well-field system.