明中后期浙东河谷平原的湖田水患与水利维持——以诸暨为中心

The Lake Fields Floods and Water Conservancy Maintenance in the River Valley Plain of the Eastern Zhejiang Province in Late Ming Dynasty——An Analysis of the Zhuji County

明代中叶以后,由于浦阳江下游彻底改道向北入钱塘江,致使中游诸暨地区的水环境发生根本改变,而期间湖田开发也在持续推进,下游河道变化引起的排水困难与湖田围垦矛盾更为剧烈。地方官员坚持湖田、河道并治原则.湖田以筑埂御水,畅流导水,并极力保存湖中低洼荡田蓄水之法缓解水患压力;河道方面则严禁阻断泄水的筑箔养鱼、占河植树等私利行为,并裁"汇"以利中游泄水。裁"汇"涉及中游与下游地方利益,而河流改道,也使这种矛盾对立的利益纠葛发生松动。

After the middle Ming Dynasty, the downstream of Pu Yang River diverted northward into the Qiantang River completely, the water environment in the middle reaches of the river was radically changed in Zhuji area. During this period, Local people continue to develop lake Fields, so the conflict of drainage and farmland development was became more intense. Local officials insisted on governing the river and lake fields together, in order to ease the flooding pressure, Local officials built embankments to prevent the river burst in shoal land, kept the rivers smooth, and maintained very hard the low-lying marshes of lake field to retain the water. On the other hand, prohibited to raise fish through building nets, planting trees and other behaviors of blocking the flow of the river, in addition, cut ＂Hui＂ to facilitate the discharge in the middle reaches of river. ＂Hui＂ related to the conflict of interests between the upstream and the downstream of the river, and the contra- dictory conflicting also was been loosening because the fiver was diverted in the middle Ming Dynasty.