栽培模式对铁皮石斛光合能力及品质的影响

The Influence of Cultivation Modes on the Photosynthetic Capacity and Quality Properties of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

本试验设林下附生、林下悬挂、林下床栽、大棚床栽4种栽培模式,对不同栽培模式下铁皮石斛的光合能力和品质指标进行比较研究。结果表明:3种林下栽培的铁皮石斛实际量子产量(Effective Quantum Yield of Photochemical Electron,Y(Ⅱ)、相对电子传递速率(Relative Photosynthetic Electron Transport Rate,r ETR)、光化学淬灭(Photochemical Quenching,q P)、非光化学淬灭(Non-photochemical Quenching,NPQ)、半饱和光强(Ik)等光合能力指标均显著高于大棚床栽(p<0.05),而大棚床栽的Y(NO)极显著高于3种林下栽培(p<0.01)。说明林下铁皮石斛的光合能力、光饱和点均高于大棚床栽植株,且光保护能力更强。采收时,虽大棚床栽铁皮石斛的单株净重和茎长均极显著高于林下附生(p<0.01),长势良好,但多糖含量低,品质不及林下附生栽培植株。这说明栽培模式显著影响铁皮石斛光合产物的分配且对其品质形成有影响。

Four kinds of cultivation modes（epiphytic cultivation on longan trees, cultivation in sifting disks and seedbeds under longan trees, cultivation in greenhouse） were set up for the experiment. The photosynthetic capacity and the growth of D. officinale under the four modes were compared. The results showed that Y（ Ⅱ）,r ETR, q P, NPQ and Ikof plants under longan trees were significantly higher than those cultivated in greenhouse（p〈0.05）, but their Y（NO） were extremely significantly lower than the former（p〈0.01）. The results showed that the photosynthetic and photoprotective capacity and light saturation point of plants under longan trees were better and higher than greenhouse plants. The weight and the length of stem of D. officinale in greenhouse were extremely significantly higher than those epiphytically cultivated on longan trees（p〈0.01）. The content of polysaccharides of plants in greenhouse was lower than those of other three modes. It suggested that the accumulation of photosynthetic product direction was affected by different cultivating environment and cultivation modes, which was the key point to determine the quality of D. officinale.