论“社区”与非遗整体性保护

On the Community and the Integrated Conservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage

认识非物质文化遗产的本质特征对非遗的传承、保护和研究至关重要。以传统村落"社区"为整体的分析视角,突出了从"社区性"和"精神性"两方面界定非遗的本质特征。"社区性"揭示出非遗主要是在以"村落"为主的特定文化空间内人与自然、人与人、人与未知世界(神灵)的共生关系中产生的文化现象。"精神性"是非遗的生命力所在。非遗保护的"社区性原则"可保存非遗在特定文化空间里的"形","精神性原则"可保存其"神"。以"社区"为单位的非遗整体性保护,既可以保护非遗的"形",更能够保存其"神"。

It is crucial to the inheritance,research and protection of intangible cultural heritage to understand the essential characteristics of intangible cultural heritage. The study,with traditional village＂community＂as a whole analysis perspective,highlights the essential characteristics of the definition of intangible cultural heritage from the two aspects of the community and spirit.Community reveals the fact that intangible cultural heritage is mainly a cultural phenomenon developed from the symbiotic relationship between village specific cultural space wife and nature,people,and unknown world（spirits）. Spirit is the vitality of intangible cultural heritage. Protection of intangible cultural heritage ＂community＂principle can save the intangible cultural heritage in the specific cultural space in the form; Spiritual principles can save their artistic conception. The ＂community＂,as a whole unit of non heritage protection,can not only protect the＂form＂of intangible cultural heritage,but also save their＂artistic conception＂.