中古日母字在汉语方言中的读音演变

On the Evolution of the MC's Initial Ri

中古日母字在现代汉语方言中有多种读音,这些读音差异是日母字在中古后不同历史阶段自身音变或不同方言间接触音变的结果。从共时平面对这些读音进行初步的梳理可归纳出不同的读音类型,大致可以分为南北方两大片区。北方片区多属官话,日母字读音类型以零声母或擦音[拮/z]为主,少数片点读[誺/l],是南方方言文读层的来源。南方片区方言众多日母字在诸方言中的读音类型较为多样化,演变路径也较复杂。舌面鼻音的读法,是一种较古老的读音层次,在后续音变中因音系内部结构的调整而与音系其他成员并合后又发展出擦音、塞擦音、塞音等不同读音类型,有些方言的鼻音脱落后变成了零声母,这些不同的读音类型反映的是中古后日母字演变的不同阶段,代表了不同的读音层次。对这些不同类型读音的考察有助于重构不同历史时期日母字的读音形式以及考察日母字的演变路径。

Initial Ri in MC has different pronunciations in modern Chinese dialects,a result from phonetic changes or language affects from other dialects. Synchronic study indicates that the different pronunciations of initial Ri in MC can roughly divided into two groups： south pronunciation and north pronunciation. Mainly belonging to Northern Mandarin,the latter is characterized by zero initial consonant or fricative consonant,such as [拮/z],and the former by diversity and complicated evolution route. Belonging to primary pronunciation stage,lingua-palatal nasal produces fricative,affricate,plosive and so on. Some nasals in some dialects becomes zero initial consonants. The different pronunciations are the indication of the evolution stages of initial Ri in MC. The study on the types of pronunciations of initial Ri in MC is helpful for the reconstruction of the evolution route of initial Ri in MC.